Morton's neuroma is a condition characterized by the thickening of tissue around a nerve in the foot, typically between the third and fourth toes. This thickening can lead to pain, numbness, and a sensation often described as feeling like a pebble is lodged under the foot.
Symptoms of Morton's Neuroma
Individuals with Morton's neuroma may experience:
- Sharp, burning pain in the ball of the foot that may radiate into the toes.
- Swelling between the toes.
- Tingling or numbness in the toes.
- A sensation akin to having a pebble or marble under the forefoot.
These symptoms often worsen during weight-bearing activities like walking or running and may be exacerbated by wearing tight or high-heeled shoes.
Causes of Morton's Neuroma
The exact cause of Morton's neuroma is not definitively known, but it is believed to result from compression or irritation of the nerves leading to the toes. Factors that may contribute include:
- Footwear: Wearing tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes can compress the toes and irritate the nerve.
- High-Impact Activities: Engaging in activities that place repetitive pressure on the forefoot, such as running or racquet sports.
- Foot Deformities: Conditions like flat feet, high arches, bunions, or hammertoes can increase the risk by altering the mechanics of the foot.
These factors can lead to the thickening of the tissue around the nerve, causing the characteristic symptoms of Morton's neuroma.
Diagnosis
A healthcare provider, often a podiatrist, will diagnose Morton's neuroma through a physical examination. They may apply pressure to the spaces between the toes to elicit symptoms. Imaging studies, such as X-rays, are typically used to rule out other conditions, while ultrasound or MRI can confirm the diagnosis by visualizing the thickened nerve tissue.
Treatment Options
Treatment for Morton's neuroma focuses on relieving pain and reducing nerve irritation. Approaches include:
- Footwear Modifications: Switching to shoes with a wider toe box and avoiding high heels can alleviate pressure on the affected nerve.
- Orthotic Devices: Custom shoe inserts can help distribute pressure away from the neuroma.
- Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce pain and inflammation.
- Injections: Corticosteroid injections may be administered to decrease inflammation around the nerve.
- Surgery: If conservative treatments fail, surgical removal of the affected nerve may be considered, though this can result in permanent numbness in the affected toes.
Prevention
To reduce the risk of developing Morton's neuroma:
- Choose Appropriate Footwear: Opt for shoes that provide ample space for the toes and offer proper support.
- Limit High-Impact Activities: Avoid repetitive activities that place excessive pressure on the forefoot.
- Manage Foot Deformities: Seek treatment for conditions like bunions or hammertoes to prevent altered foot mechanics.
Early recognition of symptoms and prompt treatment can prevent the progression of Morton's neuroma and improve outcomes. If you experience persistent foot pain, consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and management.